Images from the History of Medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/ihm/
27.6.13
26.6.13
Efficacy and the Strength of Evidence of U.S. Alcohol Control Policies
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 45, Issue 1 , Pages 1-8, July 2013
http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(13)00212-2/abstract
Background
Public policy can limit alcohol consumption and its associated harm, but no direct comparison of the relative efficacy of alcohol control policies exists for the U.S.
Purpose
To identify alcohol control policies and develop quantitative ratings of their efficacy and strength of evidence.
Methods
In 2010, a Delphi panel of ten U.S. alcohol policy experts identified and rated the efficacy of alcohol control policies for reducing binge drinking and alcohol-impaired driving among both the general population and youth, and the strength of evidence informing the efficacy of each policy. The policies were nominated on the basis of scientific evidence and potential for public health impact. Analysis was conducted in 2010–2012.
Results
Panelists identified and rated 47 policies. Policies limiting price received the highest ratings, with alcohol taxes receiving the highest ratings for all four outcomes. Highly rated policies for reducing binge drinking and alcohol-impaired driving in the general population also were rated highly among youth, although several policies were rated more highly for youth compared with the general population. Policy efficacy ratings for the general population and youth were positively correlated for reducing both binge drinking (r=0.50) and alcohol-impaired driving (r=0.45). The correlation between efficacy ratings for reducing binge drinking and alcohol-impaired driving was strong for the general population (r=0.88) and for youth (r=0.85). Efficacy ratings were positively correlated with strength-of-evidence ratings.
Conclusions
Comparative policy ratings can help characterize the alcohol policy environment, inform policy discussions, and identify future research needs.
24.6.13
"Baja consumo de tabaco, alcohol e inhalantes en estudiantes del DF" - EXCELSIOR
http://www.excelsior.com.mx/comunidad/2013/06/24/905638
En contra parte, la Encuesta de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes arrojó que la marihuana y cocaína aumentaron su consumo
24/06/2013 15:01 Filiberto Cruz Monroy / Foto: @CanalJudicial
CIUDAD DE MÉXICO, 24 de junio.- La Encuesta de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes en la Ciudad de México 2012 arrojó como resultado que 68.8% de los jóvenes de nivel secundaria y bachillerato han consumido alcohol. Respecto de la anterior encuesta, realizada en 2009, el abuso de alcohol descendió al pasar de 23.3% a 22.5%.
...
"70% de los jóvenes han consumido alcohol..." - Encuesta de consumo de drogas en estudiantes de la Ciudad de México 2012
http://aristeguinoticias.com/2406/mexico/alertan-por-consumo-de-drogas-en-jovenes-de-secundaria/
Alertan por consumo de drogas en jóvenes de secundaria
Al menos 70% de los jóvenes han consumido alcohol, 25%, mariguana, 'crack' y cocaína
(Foto: Diego Simón Sánchez/Cuartoscuro)
Al menos siete de cada diez alumnos de secundaria y preparatoria han probado el alcohol, mientras que uno de cada cuatro ha ingerido mariguana, cocaína, crack y sustancias alucinógenas.
Así lo reveló la Encuesta de consumo de drogas en estudiantes de la Ciudad de México 2012, elaborada por el Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, el Instituto para la Atención y Prevención de las Adicciones en la Ciudad de México (IAPA) y la Administración Federal de Servicios Educativos en el Distrito Federal.
(...)
Además, detalló el informe que se realiza cada tres años, 11.4 por ciento de estudiantes de nivel medio superior requiere tratamiento por adicciones.
Ante este escenario, Jorge Villatoro Velázquez, investigador en ciencias médicas del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, afirmó que es urgente implementar políticas públicas que frenen y prevengan el consumo de sustancias ilegales.
Por su parte, el titular de la Comisión Nacional contra las Adicciones, Fernando Cano Valle, afirmó que la despenalización de la mariguana aumentaría el número de adictos y provocaría un colapso en los servicios de salud.
Alcohol and cause-specific mortality in Russia. The Lancet, 2009, 373(9682):2201–2214
Volume 373, Issue 9682, 27 June–3 July 2009, Pages 2201–2214
Alcohol and cause-specific mortality in Russia: a retrospective case–control study of 48 557 adult deaths
Open Access Article
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673609610345
Summary
Background
Alcohol is an important determinant of the high and fluctuating adult mortality rates in Russia, but cause-specific detail is lacking. Our case–control study investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on male and female cause-specific mortality.
Methods
In three Russian industrial cities with typical 1990s mortality patterns (Tomsk, Barnaul, Biysk), the addresses of 60 416 residents who had died at ages 15–74 years in 1990–2001 were visited in 2001–05. Family members were present for 50 066 decedents; for 48 557 (97%), the family gave proxy information on the decedents' past alcohol use and on potentially confounding factors. Cases (n=43 082) were those certified as dying from causes we judged beforehand might be substantially affected by alcohol or tobacco; controls were the other 5475 decedents. Case versus control relative risks (RRs; calculated as odds ratios by confounder-adjusted logistic regression) were calculated in ever-drinkers, defining the reference category by two criteria: usual weekly consumption always less than 0·5 half-litre bottles of vodka (or equivalent in total alcohol content) and maximum consumption of spirits in 1 day always less than 0·5 half-litre bottles. Other ever-drinkers were classified by usual weekly consumption into three categories: less than one, one to less than three, and three or more (mean 5·4 [SD 1·4]) bottles of vodka or equivalent.
Findings
In men, the three causes accounting for the most alcohol-associated deaths were accidents and violence (RR 5·94, 95% CI 5·35–6·59, in the highest consumption category), alcohol poisoning (21·68, 17·94–26·20), and acute ischaemic heart disease other than myocardial infarction (3·04, 2·73–3·39), which includes some misclassified alcohol poisoning. There were significant excesses of upper aerodigestive tract cancer (3·48, 2·84–4·27) and liver cancer (2·11, 1·64–2·70). Another five disease groups had RRs of more than 3·00 in the highest alcohol category: tuberculosis (4·14, 3·44–4·98), pneumonia (3·29, 2·83–3·83), liver disease (6·21, 5·16–7·47), pancreatic disease (6·69, 4·98–9·00), and ill-specified conditions (7·74, 6·48–9·25). Although drinking was less common in women, the RRs associated with it were generally more extreme. After correction for reporting errors, alcohol-associated excesses accounted for 52% of all study deaths at ages 15–54 years (men 8182 [59%] of 13968, women 1565 [33%] of 4751) and 18% of those at 55–74 years (men 3944 [22%] of 17 536, women 1493 [12%] of 12 302). Allowance for under-representation of extreme drinkers would further increase alcohol-associated proportions. Large fluctuations in mortality from these ten strongly alcohol-associated causes were the main determinants of recent fluctuations in overall mortality in the study region and in Russia as a whole.
Interpretation
Alcohol-attributable mortality varies by year; in several recent years, alcohol was a cause of more than half of all Russian deaths at ages 15–54 years. Alcohol accounts for most of the large fluctuations in Russian mortality, and alcohol and tobacco account for the large difference in adult mortality between Russia and western Europe.
Funding
UK Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK, British Heart Foundation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, and European Commission Directorate-General for Research.
Alcohol Matrix: Evidence for effective treatment
The Alcohol Matrix is concerned with the treatment of alcohol-related problems among adults (a similar table deals with drug-related problems). It maps the terrain within which relevant evidence may be found and for each location tries to find the most important UK-relevant research and guidance.
(Ver mas aquí)
23.6.13
Measuring the Units. A review of patients who died with alcohol-related liver disease: Report calls for improved prevention and treatment
A review of
patients who died with alcohol-related liver disease has been released by the
National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcomes and Death (NCEPOD). The
report calls for improvements in alcohol brief intervention (IBA), access to
treatment, alcohol care teams and improved pathways across hospitals.
Más información aquí
Resumen ejecutivo aquí.
22.6.13
Parental Monitoring and Alcohol Use among Mexican Students
Lee Strunina, Alejandro Díaz Martínezb, L. Rosa Díaz
Martínezc, Timothy Heerend, Seth Kuranza, Michael Wintere, Carlos A.
Hernández–Ávilaf, Héctor Fernández Varelag, Cuauhtémoc Solís Torresg
Addictive Behaviors, Available online 18 June 2013
Highlights
• 85% of
entering high school and university students completed the survey.
• Logistic
regression models examined parental monitoring and alcohol related problems.
• Low
parental monitoring was associated with risky drinking behavior.
• Parental
monitoring and alcohol use was moderated by gender.
• Mexican
cultural norms need to be examined in concert with parental monitoring.
Abstract
Parental
monitoring has been described as a protective factor and useful strategy to
prevent substance misuse among youths. The aims of this study were to examine
whether perceived parental monitoring influences frequency of alcohol use, age
of drinking onset and risky drinking among entering public high school and
university students in Mexico City. The study is a cross-sectional survey of
entering first year students in the high school and university school system of
a large public university in Mexico City conducted during registration at the
beginning of the school year. In 2008, of 34,840 students accepted to the
affiliated high schools, 28,996 students (51.8% female) completed the alcohol
survey and of 37,683 students accepted into university 30,084 students (51.5%
female) completed the alcohol survey. The findings suggest that compared to
students with higher perceived parental monitoring those reporting lower
perceived parental monitoring were more likely to report risky behavior. They
were more likely to be ever drinkers, frequent drinkers, have earlier age of
onset and high AUDIT scores. Overall, higher parental monitoring was strongly
associated with being female and lower parental monitoring with being male. Our
findings suggest that more research on parental monitoring as a protective
strategy against alcohol misuse is needed. Research focusing on cultural
factors including gender and age-related norms and familismo would increase
knowledge of the association of parental monitoring and alcohol use among
Mexican youths, Mexican American youths and potentially youths from other
Hispanic backgrounds.
21.6.13
Ideas para Desarrollar un Sistema de Referencia (Uso Nocivo del Alcohol). Presentación Ejecutiva
Presentación Ejecutiva - Ideas para desarrollar un sistema de referencia para el uso nocivo de alcohol.
O seguir este enlace:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwQFKTL502DDX3lWbTUtZzB5aE0/edit?usp=sharing
Dar click en la imagen para descargar el archivo (PDF):
O seguir este enlace:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwQFKTL502DDX3lWbTUtZzB5aE0/edit?usp=sharing
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