ASSIST-DIT, AUDIT-DIT, Políticas Públicas - OPS Cursos virtuales

En el Día Internacional contra el Uso indebido y Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas, también se presentan dos cursos sobre políticas públicas para alcohol y para otras sustancias

Washington, D.C., 26 de junio de 2013 (OPS/OMS)- 

La Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS/OMS) lanza hoy cursos virtuales gratuitos, para capacitar al personal de salud en la detección y el manejo de personas con problemas de alcohol y otras sustancias psicoactivas, así como también en políticas públicas para disminuir la demanda tanto de alcohol como de drogas.

Con el objetivo de fortalecer la respuesta del sector salud e introducir intervenciones efectivas en los procesos de rutina de la atención primaria, desde médicos y enfermeras, hasta asistentes sociales, profesionales que trabajan con jóvenes, o en centros de detención, entre otros, podrán acceder a estos cursos por Internet.

Más información aquí

Campus Virtual de Salud Pública - http://www.campusvirtualsp.org/

Cursos: Alcohol y Drogas 

Dependencias: Alcohol vs. Drogas vs. Tabaco

Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones 2011

• Por cada dependiente a una droga (ilegal/médica) hay 9 dependientes al alcohol.
• Por cada adicto a la nicotina existen 3.3 dependientes al alcohol.  

Existen alrededor de 6.95 millones de mexicanos dependientes al alcohol, drogas o tabaco. 

• 71% son dependientes al alcohol.
• 31% son hombres dependientes al alcohol y tienen 18-34 años:  2.1 millones.   

Más información sobre la dependencia al alcohol aquí

Glosario de Términos

Adicción: Fumadores activos que fumaron en el mes previo a la entrevista y que, reportaron fumar el primer cigarro en los primeros 30 minutos después de despertarse.

Dependencia a drogas. Es cuando una persona reporta haber tenido tres o más síntomas de dependencia 

asociados a su consumo de drogas. 

Drogas ilegales. En este grupo se incluyen las siguientes sustancias: mariguana, cocaína, pasta de cocaína, crack, alucinógenos, inhalables, heroína y estimulantes tipo anfetamínico (metanfetaminas). 

Drogas médicas. En este grupo se incluyen aquellas sustancias que se prescriben médicamente, como los opiáceos, tranquilizantes, sedantes, barbitúricos o anfetaminas. Para considerar que el consumo de estas sustancias es con el fin de intoxicarse, el uso debe ser fuera de prescripción o por mayor tiempo o cantidad al indicado por el médico. 

Posible dependencia al alcohol. Es el conjunto de manifestaciones físicas, cognoscitivas y del comportamiento, que incluyen la presencia de distintos síntomas tales como: tolerancia, abstinencia, uso por más tiempo o mayor cantidad, deseo persistente o incapacidad de control, empleo de mucho tiempo para conseguir alcohol o recuperarse de sus efectos, reducción de actividades sociales, laborales o recreativas, así como el uso continuado a pesar de tener conciencia de sus evidentes consecuencias perjudiciales. En este estudio, se consideró posible caso de dependencia a los individuos que presentaron tres o más de estos síntomas dentro de los 12 meses previos a la entrevista.

Referencias

Medina-Mora ME, Villatoro-Velázquez JA, Fleiz-Bautista C, Téllez-Rojo MM, Mendoza-Alvarado LR, Romero-Martínez M, et al. (2012). Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones 2011: Reporte de Alcohol. INPRFM, INSP, Secretaría de Salud, México. Disponible en:
http://www.conadic.salud.gob.mx/pdfs/ENA_2011_ALCOHOL.pdf
http://www.inprf.gob.mx/psicosociales/encuestas_ena2011.html

Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Guerrero-López CM, Lazcano-Ponce E, Villatoro-Velázquez JA, Medina-Mora ME, Fleiz-Bautista C, et al., (2012). Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones 2011: Reporte de Tabaco. INPRFM, INSP, Secretaría de Salud, México. Disponible en:
http://www.conadic.salud.gob.mx/pdfs/ENA_2011_TABACO.pdf
http://www.inprf.gob.mx/psicosociales/encuestas_ena2011.html

Villatoro-Velázquez JA, Medina-Mora ME, Fleiz-Bautista C, Téllez-Rojo MM, Mendoza-Alvarado LR, Romero-Martínez M, et al. (2012). Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones 2011: Reporte de Drogas. INPRFM, INSP, Secretaría de Salud, México. Disponible en:
http://www.conadic.salud.gob.mx/pdfs/ENA_2011_DROGAS_ILICITAS_.pdf 
http://www.inprf.gob.mx/psicosociales/encuestas_ena2011.html

10 acciones para prevenir el uso del consumo de sustancias nocivas

http://www.vertigopolitico.com/articulo/16366/10-estrategias-del-gobierno-para-prevenir-las-adicciones

10 estrategias del gobierno para prevenir las adicciones

(Foto: Creative Commons, Daniel Marenco).

En el contexto del Día Internacional de la Lucha contra el Uso Indebido y el Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas, el comisionado Nacional Contra las Adicciones, Fernando Cano Valle, presentó 10 acciones para prevenir el uso del consumo de sustancias nocivas para la salud.

Las 10 acciones son:

- Generación y el análisis de información que respalde las políticas públicas en materia de adicciones, incluyendo nuevas encuestas nacionales.

- Crear y fortalecer los medios para la difusión de información y sensibilización en materia de adicciones.

- Reforzamiento de las acciones de prevención en la población vulnerable, con énfasis en niños, niñas y adolescentes.

- Impulsar la investigación y la formación de recursos humanos que atiendan el problema de las adicciones.

- Ampliar la cobertura de los servicios integrales de tratamiento y reinserción social y profesionalización.

- Certificación de centros de tratamiento que atienden adicciones en modalidad residencial.

- Actualizar el marco normativo para la reducción de la demanda de drogas legales e ilegales.

- Impulsar la aplicación de los modelos de justicia alternativa para personas con adicciones en conflicto con la ley.

- impulsar el desarrollo de modelos de tratamiento de adicciones al interior de los centros penitenciarios.

- Fortalecer la cooperación internacional en materia de prevención y tratamiento de adicciones.

Absolute Caution. Alcohol Kills your Brain... (más imágenes sobre alcohol)

Images from the History of Medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/ihm/

Efficacy and the Strength of Evidence of U.S. Alcohol Control Policies

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 45, Issue 1 , Pages 1-8, July 2013

http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(13)00212-2/abstract

Background

Public policy can limit alcohol consumption and its associated harm, but no direct comparison of the relative efficacy of alcohol control policies exists for the U.S.

Purpose

To identify alcohol control policies and develop quantitative ratings of their efficacy and strength of evidence.

Methods

In 2010, a Delphi panel of ten U.S. alcohol policy experts identified and rated the efficacy of alcohol control policies for reducing binge drinking and alcohol-impaired driving among both the general population and youth, and the strength of evidence informing the efficacy of each policy. The policies were nominated on the basis of scientific evidence and potential for public health impact. Analysis was conducted in 2010–2012.

Results

Panelists identified and rated 47 policies. Policies limiting price received the highest ratings, with alcohol taxes receiving the highest ratings for all four outcomes. Highly rated policies for reducing binge drinking and alcohol-impaired driving in the general population also were rated highly among youth, although several policies were rated more highly for youth compared with the general population. Policy efficacy ratings for the general population and youth were positively correlated for reducing both binge drinking (r=0.50) and alcohol-impaired driving (r=0.45). The correlation between efficacy ratings for reducing binge drinking and alcohol-impaired driving was strong for the general population (r=0.88) and for youth (r=0.85). Efficacy ratings were positively correlated with strength-of-evidence ratings.

Conclusions

Comparative policy ratings can help characterize the alcohol policy environment, inform policy discussions, and identify future research needs.

"Baja consumo de tabaco, alcohol e inhalantes en estudiantes del DF" - EXCELSIOR

http://www.excelsior.com.mx/comunidad/2013/06/24/905638

En contra parte, la Encuesta de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes arrojó que la marihuana y cocaína aumentaron su consumo

24/06/2013 15:01 Filiberto Cruz Monroy / Foto: @CanalJudicial

CIUDAD DE MÉXICO, 24 de junio.- La Encuesta de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes en la Ciudad de México 2012 arrojó como resultado que 68.8% de los jóvenes de nivel secundaria y bachillerato han consumido alcohol. Respecto de la anterior encuesta, realizada en 2009, el abuso de alcohol descendió al pasar de 23.3% a 22.5%.

...

"70% de los jóvenes han consumido alcohol..." - Encuesta de consumo de drogas en estudiantes de la Ciudad de México 2012

http://aristeguinoticias.com/2406/mexico/alertan-por-consumo-de-drogas-en-jovenes-de-secundaria/

Alertan por consumo de drogas en jóvenes de secundaria

Al menos 70% de los jóvenes han consumido alcohol, 25%, mariguana, 'crack' y cocaína

(Foto: Diego Simón Sánchez/Cuartoscuro)

Al menos siete de cada diez alumnos de secundaria y preparatoria han probado el alcohol, mientras que uno de cada cuatro ha ingerido mariguana, cocaína, crack y sustancias alucinógenas.

Así lo reveló la Encuesta de consumo de drogas en estudiantes de la Ciudad de México 2012, elaborada por el Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, el Instituto para la Atención y Prevención de las Adicciones en la Ciudad de México (IAPA) y la Administración Federal de Servicios Educativos en el Distrito Federal.

(...)

Además, detalló el informe que se realiza cada tres años, 11.4 por ciento de estudiantes de nivel medio superior requiere tratamiento por adicciones.

Ante este escenario, Jorge Villatoro Velázquez, investigador en ciencias médicas del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, afirmó que es urgente implementar políticas públicas que frenen y prevengan el consumo de sustancias ilegales.

Por su parte, el titular de la Comisión Nacional contra las Adicciones, Fernando Cano Valle, afirmó que la despenalización de la mariguana aumentaría el número de adictos y provocaría un colapso en los servicios de salud.

Alcohol and cause-specific mortality in Russia. The Lancet, 2009, 373(9682):2201–2214

Volume 373, Issue 9682, 27 June–3 July 2009, Pages 2201–2214

Alcohol and cause-specific mortality in Russia: a retrospective case–control study of 48 557 adult deaths

Open Access Article 

• David Zaridze, 
• Paul Brennan, 
• Jillian Boreham, 
• Alex Boroda, 
• Rostislav Karpov, 
• Alexander Lazarev, 
• Irina Konobeevskaya, 
• Vladimir Igitov, 
• Tatiana Terechova, 
• Paolo Boffetta, 
• Richard Peto, 

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673609610345

Summary

Background

Alcohol is an important determinant of the high and fluctuating adult mortality rates in Russia, but cause-specific detail is lacking. Our case–control study investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on male and female cause-specific mortality.

Methods

In three Russian industrial cities with typical 1990s mortality patterns (Tomsk, Barnaul, Biysk), the addresses of 60 416 residents who had died at ages 15–74 years in 1990–2001 were visited in 2001–05. Family members were present for 50 066 decedents; for 48 557 (97%), the family gave proxy information on the decedents' past alcohol use and on potentially confounding factors. Cases (n=43 082) were those certified as dying from causes we judged beforehand might be substantially affected by alcohol or tobacco; controls were the other 5475 decedents. Case versus control relative risks (RRs; calculated as odds ratios by confounder-adjusted logistic regression) were calculated in ever-drinkers, defining the reference category by two criteria: usual weekly consumption always less than 0·5 half-litre bottles of vodka (or equivalent in total alcohol content) and maximum consumption of spirits in 1 day always less than 0·5 half-litre bottles. Other ever-drinkers were classified by usual weekly consumption into three categories: less than one, one to less than three, and three or more (mean 5·4 [SD 1·4]) bottles of vodka or equivalent.

Findings

In men, the three causes accounting for the most alcohol-associated deaths were accidents and violence (RR 5·94, 95% CI 5·35–6·59, in the highest consumption category), alcohol poisoning (21·68, 17·94–26·20), and acute ischaemic heart disease other than myocardial infarction (3·04, 2·73–3·39), which includes some misclassified alcohol poisoning. There were significant excesses of upper aerodigestive tract cancer (3·48, 2·84–4·27) and liver cancer (2·11, 1·64–2·70). Another five disease groups had RRs of more than 3·00 in the highest alcohol category: tuberculosis (4·14, 3·44–4·98), pneumonia (3·29, 2·83–3·83), liver disease (6·21, 5·16–7·47), pancreatic disease (6·69, 4·98–9·00), and ill-specified conditions (7·74, 6·48–9·25). Although drinking was less common in women, the RRs associated with it were generally more extreme. After correction for reporting errors, alcohol-associated excesses accounted for 52% of all study deaths at ages 15–54 years (men 8182 [59%] of 13968, women 1565 [33%] of 4751) and 18% of those at 55–74 years (men 3944 [22%] of 17 536, women 1493 [12%] of 12 302). Allowance for under-representation of extreme drinkers would further increase alcohol-associated proportions. Large fluctuations in mortality from these ten strongly alcohol-associated causes were the main determinants of recent fluctuations in overall mortality in the study region and in Russia as a whole.

Interpretation

Alcohol-attributable mortality varies by year; in several recent years, alcohol was a cause of more than half of all Russian deaths at ages 15–54 years. Alcohol accounts for most of the large fluctuations in Russian mortality, and alcohol and tobacco account for the large difference in adult mortality between Russia and western Europe.

Funding

UK Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK, British Heart Foundation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, and European Commission Directorate-General for Research.

Alcohol Matrix: Evidence for effective treatment

The Alcohol Matrix is concerned with the treatment of alcohol-related problems among adults (a similar table deals with drug-related problems). It maps the terrain within which relevant evidence may be found and for each location tries to find the most important UK-relevant research and guidance. 

(Ver mas aquí)

Imágenes sobre Alcohol

Images from the History of Medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/ihm/

Measuring the Units. A review of patients who died with alcohol-related liver disease: Report calls for improved prevention and treatment

A review of patients who died with alcohol-related liver disease has been released by the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcomes and Death (NCEPOD). The report calls for improvements in alcohol brief intervention (IBA), access to treatment, alcohol care teams and improved pathways across hospitals.

Más información aquí  

Reporte completo aquí.

Resumen ejecutivo aquí.

Parental Monitoring and Alcohol Use among Mexican Students

Lee Strunina, Alejandro Díaz Martínezb, L. Rosa Díaz Martínezc, Timothy Heerend, Seth Kuranza, Michael Wintere, Carlos A. Hernández–Ávilaf, Héctor Fernández Varelag, Cuauhtémoc Solís Torresg

Addictive Behaviors, Available online 18 June 2013

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460313001718

Highlights

• 85% of entering high school and university students completed the survey.

• Logistic regression models examined parental monitoring and alcohol related problems.

• Low parental monitoring was associated with risky drinking behavior.

• Parental monitoring and alcohol use was moderated by gender.

• Mexican cultural norms need to be examined in concert with parental monitoring.

Abstract

Parental monitoring has been described as a protective factor and useful strategy to prevent substance misuse among youths. The aims of this study were to examine whether perceived parental monitoring influences frequency of alcohol use, age of drinking onset and risky drinking among entering public high school and university students in Mexico City. The study is a cross-sectional survey of entering first year students in the high school and university school system of a large public university in Mexico City conducted during registration at the beginning of the school year. In 2008, of 34,840 students accepted to the affiliated high schools, 28,996 students (51.8% female) completed the alcohol survey and of 37,683 students accepted into university 30,084 students (51.5% female) completed the alcohol survey. The findings suggest that compared to students with higher perceived parental monitoring those reporting lower perceived parental monitoring were more likely to report risky behavior. They were more likely to be ever drinkers, frequent drinkers, have earlier age of onset and high AUDIT scores. Overall, higher parental monitoring was strongly associated with being female and lower parental monitoring with being male. Our findings suggest that more research on parental monitoring as a protective strategy against alcohol misuse is needed. Research focusing on cultural factors including gender and age-related norms and familismo would increase knowledge of the association of parental monitoring and alcohol use among Mexican youths, Mexican American youths and potentially youths from other Hispanic backgrounds.

Ideas para Desarrollar un Sistema de Referencia (Uso Nocivo del Alcohol). Presentación Ejecutiva

Presentación Ejecutiva - Ideas para desarrollar un sistema de referencia para el uso nocivo de alcohol.

Dar click en la imagen para descargar el archivo (PDF):

O seguir este enlace:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwQFKTL502DDX3lWbTUtZzB5aE0/edit?usp=sharing

Global Actions: Commitments to Reduce Harmful Drinking.

GLOBAL ACTIONS IN FOCUS

PERNOD RICARD: RESPONSIB’ALL DAY 2013

The Global Actions newsletter will periodically feature best practices shared by our readers, including companies that are signatories of the Beer, Wine and Spirits Producers’ Commitments to Reduce Harmful Drinking. In this issue, we focus on Pernod Ricard and its work in one of the five key areas addressed by the Commitments: providing consumer information. We look forward to highlighting more examples from Commitments stakeholders over the course of 2013 and beyond.


In 2011, Pernod Ricard launched Responsib’All Day, a one-day event that promotes the sharing of good practices by utilizing company employees as ambassadors. Responsib’All Day focuses on highlighting yearlong Pernod Ricard initiatives and raises awareness about responsible drinking. Before Responsib’All Day was launched, Pernod Ricard conducted internal training seminars on specific issues, such as drink driving and consumption by youth. Since the start of this influential campaign, employees spread key messages about responsible drinking to communities by engaging local populations in schools, bars, and other public places.

Responsib’All Day 2013 took place on June 5, 2013, where 18,800 employees rallied to promote responsible drinking and informed consumers about the possible consequences of excessive alcohol consumption. This year, Pernod Ricard Argentina celebrated its third Responsib’All Day by tailoring their message to beverage alcohol retailers. Pernod Ricard employees trained 100 client representatives on how to prevent the sale of alcohol to underage youth. In its first Responsib’All Day, Pernod Ricard Nigeria discussed the consequences of drink driving with public transport drivers and passengers in Lagos. Employees also handed out flyers on responsible consumption of alcohol beverages to locals at a nearby mall.

During the worldwide event, Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer Pierre Pringuet announced that Pernod Ricard will add a logo to the back label of all bottles produced by Pernod Ricard that recommends pregnant women abstain from consuming beverage alcohol. In 2006, Pernod Ricard became the first wine and spirits group to apply the logo to bottles distributed throughout Europe, yet Pernod Ricard’s goal is to expand this program to unambiguously inform pregnant women worldwide to abstain from consuming alcohol throughout their pregnancy.

KEY RECENT MILESTONES· Colombia: On May 29, 2013, Yumbo Mayor Fernando Murgueitio and Global Actions signed an agreement to begin the Project Patrullero initiative in the city. The signing took place ahead of seminars held May 30 and 31, 2013, where 163 participants, which included municipal officials, police officers, and owners of licensed alcohol venues, received training on alcohol basics, Colombian drink driving laws, road traffic crash statistics, and sobriety checkpoint best practices.

WHAT'S HAPPENING NEXT· Mexico: ICAP Senior Vice President Brett Bivans will be meeting with Signatory Companies in Mexico from June 24 to 26, 2013 to discuss drink driving initiatives. Companies will also evaluate the programs currently in place and indentify how these programs can be sustained by local communities

Focos de oportunidad para implementar el modelo SBIRT.

En México, sólo un proporción pequeña de la población dependiente al alcohol asiste a tratamiento. Se propone brindar ayuda a dicha población desde los contextos que frecuentan debido al consumo y a sus consecuencias. Se señalan focos de oportunidad.

Click en la imágen o en la liga inferior para ver la presentación

http://prezi.com/got-7bwu-0f7/focos-de-oportunidad-para-implementar-el-modelo-sbirt-sansol/

Mariguana, 2da droga más consumida en México; recorte presupuestal en la CONADIC

Mariguana, segunda droga más consumida en México

TENDENCIAS • 18 JUNIO 2013 - 9:02PM — BLANCA VALADEZ

La Comisión Nacional contra las Adicciones reconoció que esta droga va en aumento entre los jóvenes, y que el primer lugar lo ocupa el alcohol.

Foto: Archivo

EL CONADIC SE OPONE, DE MANERA CONTUNDENTE, A CUALQUIER PROPUESTA DE LEGALIZACIÓN A LA MARIGUANA

México • La Comisión Nacional contra las Adicciones reconoció que la mariguana entre los jóvenes ha ido en aumento, al grado de que en los últimos cinco años, se ubicó en la segunda droga más consumida en el país, después del alcohol, reconoció su titular Fernando Cano Valle, tras comentar que la dependencia ha sufrido un recorte de 25 por ciento de su presupuesto de operación.

“El problema de las adicciones es grave, va en aumento en el consumo de alcohol y de tabaco, sobre todo, en las mujeres jóvenes que empiezan a fumar a los 10 y 12 años de edad".

“El uso de mariguana es el más frecuente después del alcohol y después del tabaco. Y, por supuesto, nadie usa una sola droga nada más. Tampoco podemos decir que la cocaína va en descenso como en otros países, por el contrario va en ascenso. Quizás los opiaceos son más frecuentes en la zona norte de la República. Pero el gran problema son la anfetaminas en toda la costa del Pacífico, desde Colima hasta Tijuana, precursores químicos, que destruyen el cerebro sin que haya capacidad de recuperación”, agregó Cano Valle.

Y aunque no se refirió de manera directa a la propuesta del ex presidente Vicente Fox ni de algunos diputados de legalizar la mariguana, el titular del Conadic refirió que los sectores más vulnerables para los distribuidores de droga son los menores de edad que se enganchan con ese tipo de drogas y luego pasan a otras más fuertes de diseño.

“Fumar tabaco y fumar mariguana es en cuanto a principio activo lo mismo. La mariguana es tan nociva y no podemos decir que tengamos control sobre el consumo de tabaco. Está descontrolado. Hay leyes, hay reglamentos, limitaciones y restricciones, y eso no ha impedido que las niñas de 10 años fumen. Se ha incrementado el triple en los últimos cinco año, del 1.5 al 4.5 entre la población”.

Por ello, dijo, el Conadic se opone, de manera contundente, a cualquier propuesta de legalización a la mariguana ya que se ha demostrado no sólo los daños a la salud sino también su vínculo con el incremento de la violencia, de la deserción escolar, suicidio y homicidio.

“La Conadic fue creada para lucha y combatir las drogas. No puede estar a favor de la despenalización de ninguna de las drogas. Nuestra vocación es dar educación, generar investigación y formar conocimiento para que la sociedad tome sus propias decisiones”.

Luego de la presentación de la obra de teatro “El amor en tiempos del SIDA”, Cano Valle reconoció que el Conadic sufrió un recorte presupuestal, por lo que sólo cuenta con 700 millones de pesos para todo el país y centros de atención contra las adicciones.

“Este año contamos con un presupuesto recortado del 25 por ciento. Sin embargo, cuando hay proyectos como El amor en tiempos del SIDA el recurso viene.

“La obra –que se presentó en el teatro “Julio Prieto”, Xola 809- requiere de apoyos y es una forma sencilla, muy contundente, de llevar un mensaje. “Se espera que la iniciativa privada participe y por lo menos se lleven a cabo 100 representaciones, se requiere de 400 mil a 500 mil pesos”.

http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/0dd1c5edd5b3f2897a01225010994086

Organizational Attributes and Screening and Brief Intervention in Primary Care

Overconsumption of alcohol is well known to lead to numerous health and social problems. Prevalence studies of United States adults found that 20% of patients meet criteria for an alcohol use disorder. Routine screening for alcohol use is recommended in primary care settings, yet little is known about the organizational factors that are related to successful implementation of screening, brief intervention (SBI) and treatment in these settings. 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate organizational attributes in primary care practices that participated in a practice-based research network trial to implement alcohol SBI. 

The Survey of Organizational Attributes in Primary Care (SOAPC) has reliably measured four factors: communication, decision-making, stress/chaos and history of change. This 21-item instrument was administered to 178 practice members at the baseline of this trial, to evaluate for relationship of organizational attributes to implementation of alcohol SBI and treatment. 

No significant relationships were found correlating alcohol screening, identification of high-risk drinkers and brief intervention, to the factors measured in the SOAPC instrument.

These results highlight the challenges related to the use of organizational survey instruments in explaining or predicting variations in clinical improvement. Comprehensive mixed methods approaches may be more effective in evaluations of implementation of SBI and treatment.

Abstract

Brief Physician Advice for Heavy Drinking College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial in College Health Clinics

Brief Physician Advice for Heavy Drinking College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial in College Health Clinics

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs: 2010, 71, p. 23–31.

Michael F. Fleming, Stacey L. Balousek, Paul M. Grossberg, Marlon P. Mundt, David Brown, Jennifer R. Wiegel, Larissa I. Zakletskaia, Elizabeth M. Saewyc

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of brief physician advice in reducing alcohol use and related harm in college students. 

Method: The College Health Intervention Projects (CHIPs) is a randomized, controlled clinical trial with 12-month follow-up conducted in five college health clinics in Wisconsin; Washington state; and Vancouver, Canada. Of the 12,900 students screened for high-risk drinking, 484 men and 502 women met inclusion criteria and were randomized into a control (n = 493) or intervention (n = 493) group. Ninety-six percent of students participated in the follow-up procedures. The intervention consisted of two 15-minute counseling visits and two follow-up phone calls, and used motivational interviewing, contracting, diary cards, and take-home exercises. 

Results: No significant differences were found between groups at baseline on alcohol use, age, socioeconomic or smoking status, rates of depression, or measures of alcohol-related harm. At 12 months, the experimental subjects reduced their 28-day drinking totals by 27.2%, and the control group reduced their totals by 21%. A mixed effects repeated measures model found a statistical difference in favor of the brief-intervention group (β = 4.7, SE = 2.0, p = .018) in 28-day drinking totals. The total Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index score was also significantly different during the 12-month follow-up period (β = 0.8, SE = 0.4, p = .033). There was no difference on the other outcome measures of interest, such as frequency of excessive heavy drinking, health care utilization, injuries, drunk driving, depression, or tobacco use. 

Conclusions: The study supports resource allocation and implementation of alcohol screening and brief physician advice in primary care-based college health clinics. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 71, 23-31, 2010)

http://www.jsad.com/jsad/article/Brief_Physician_Advice_for_Heavy_Drinking_College_Students_A_Randomized_Co/4410.html

The Swedish six-community alcohol and drug prevention trial: Effects on youth drinking

Local communities are increasingly targeted for alcohol and drug prevention campaigns. This study describes some of the key findings from the Swedish six-community alcohol and drug prevention trial (2003–2007) and lessons learned following an evaluation of the trial's effectiveness. The paper focuses mainly on changes in youth drinking and related harms.

This was a pre- to post-intervention effect study comparing six trial communities that received added training and technical support with six control communities where regular prevention efforts were supported by national alcohol and drug action plans. A repeated, cross-sectional survey of 8092 youths aged 15–19 years assessed changes in alcohol consumption, binge drinking, perceived alcohol availability, access to alcohol via parents and adult attitudes towards the supply of alcohol to youths. National registry data were used to assess changes in hospital admissions due to alcohol intoxication.

Overall, there were few significant improvements in the six trial communities compared with the control communities.

The absence of program effects was largely attributable to the selection of strategies (in particular, school and parental programs) lacking evidence of effectiveness in reducing alcohol consumption at the aggregate level. Prevention programs based on efficacy studies need to be tested in community-based effectiveness trials before being disseminated.
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Report to Congress on the Prevention and Reduction of Underage Drinking 2012

Reports on the prevalence and nature of underage drinking and the national efforts and best practices to address the problem. Also reports on state policies, enforcement activities, and prevention programs underway to address underage drinking.

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• Full Report (PDF, 11 MB)
• Message from Secretary and Foreword (PDF, 184 KB)
• Executive Summary (PDF, 588 KB)
• Chapter 1: Overview of UA Drinking (PDF, 755 KB)
• Chapter 2: Nature and Extent of UA Drinking (PDF, 849 KB)
• Chapter 3: Coordinated Federal Approach (PDF, 638 KB)
• Chapter 4: State Programs and Policies (PDF, 3 MB)
• Chapter 4: Detail (HTML)
• State Reports: Alabama - Montana (PDF, 3 MB)
• State Reports: Nebraska - Wyoming (PDF, 2 MB)
• Appendices (HTML)